Agricultural data for Ethiopia, gathered from research institutes and government sources into one searchable catalogue.
301–310 of 1,115 datasets
CIMMYT Ethiopia
This study provides supplemental data to support the study on Genomic Prediction of Resistance to Tan Spot, Spot Blotch and Septoria Nodorum Blotch on Synthetics Hexaploid Wheat.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
CONTEXT: Intensive cropping and elevated input use to achieve high crop yields have resulted in the injudicious use of resources and a consequent reduction in profit margins for farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region of South Asia. In this region rice-wheat (RW) under conventional tillage (CT) management is the most widely cultivated cropping system. While conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices have been demonstrated to improve cropping system performance, they are considered by many farmers to be risky, and adoption of CA in rice-based cropping systems is low. There has been little agronomic research into alternative cropping systems to develop diversification options appropriate for the EGP. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that shifting from a conventional RW system to crop establishment practices which incorporate CA principles, combined with alternative crops could improve the whole cropping system in terms of productivity, profitability, and nutritional security (as crop protein).
CIMMYT Ethiopia
Intensive rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems in south Asia provide much of the calorie and protein requirements of low to middle-income rural and urban populations. Intensive tillage practices demand more resources, damage soil quality, and reduce crop yields and profit margins. Crop diversification along with conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices may reduce external input use, improve resource-use efficiency, and increase the productivity and profitability of intensive cropping systems. A field study was conducted on loamy soil in a sub-tropical climate in northern Bangladesh to evaluate the effects of three tillage options and six rice-based cropping sequences on grain, calorie, and protein yields and gross margins (GM) for different crops and cropping sequences. The three tillage options were: (1) conservation agriculture (CA) with all crops in sequences untilled, (2) alternating tillage (AT) with the monsoon season rice crop tilled but winter season crops untilled, and (3) conventional tillage (CT) with all crops in sequences tilled. The six cropping sequences were: rice-rice (R-R), rice-mung bean (Vigna radiata) (R-MB), rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum) (R-W), ricemaize (Zea mays) (R-M), rice-wheat-mung bean (R-W-MB), and rice-maize-mung bean (R-M-MB). Over three years of experimentation, the average monsoon rice yield was 8% lower for CA than CT, but the average winter crops yield was 13% higher for CA than CT. Systems rice equivalent yield (SREY) and systems calorie and protein yields were about 5%, 3% and 6%, respectively, higher under CA than CT; additionally, AT added approximately 1% more to these benefits. The systems productivity gain under CA and AT resulted in higher GM by 16% while reducing the labor and total production cost under CA than CT. The R-M rotation had higher SREY, calorie, protein yields, and GM by 24%, 26%, 66%, and 148%, respectively, than the predominantly practiced R-R rotation. The R-W-MB rotation had the highest SREY (30%) and second highest (118%) GM. Considering the combined effect of tillage and cropping system, CA with R-M rotation showed superior performance in terms of SREY, protein yield, and GM. The distribution of labor use and GM across rotations was grouped into four categories: R-W in low-low (low labor use and low GM), R-M in low-high (low labor use and high GM), R-W-MB and R-M-MB in high-high (high labor use and high GM) and R-R and R-MB in high-low (high labor use and low GM). In conclusion, CA performed better than CT in different winter crops and cropping systems but not in monsoon rice. Our results demonstrate the multiple benefits of partial and full CA-based tillage practices employed with appropriate crop diversification to achieve sustainable food security with greater calorie and protein intake while maximizing farm profitability of intensive rice-based rotational systems.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
The Green Revolution has led to intensive, irrigated rice-wheat systems across the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The limited turn-around time between rice harvest and sowing of the next crop (wheat) and mechanized harvesting of rice pose a critical challenge for farmers to sustainably handle the surplus rice residues. Because only a few economically viable residue-management alternatives are readily available, a majority of the 2.5 million farmers burn an estimated 23 million metric tons of rice stubble in October and November. The rice residue burning and the resultant increase in air pollution have received significant media attention in the recent past. Residue burning causes emission of short-lived climate pollutants, such as methane and black carbon. More importantly, the decrease in air quality due to rice stubble burning has a significant adverse effect on human pulmonary functions. A solution for residue burning is offered by the application of two fundamental principles of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in wheat – minimal soil disturbance and crop residue retention for mulching. CA is heralded as more sustainable than the traditional tillage alternatives. The first-generation CA technology using conventional zero tillage seeder, although reduced the turn-around time for wheat, was not efficient in handling the surplus loose rice residues present on the soil surface. The second-generation direct-seeders (SGDS), such as Happy Seeder, alongside a superior straw management system (e.g., spreaders attached to the combined harvesters), were subsequently developed to facilitate wheat sowing even under heavy stubble and avoid the need for residue burning, making the farming system more sustainable through curtailing the negative environmental externalities. To map the diffusion process of CA (particularly SGDS) and to identify the constraints faced in disseminating the technology among farmers, we conducted a face-to-face survey among the service providers of Happy Seeders in 2022. The survey was conducted in randomly selected villages (where village surveys were conducted) from 8 districts of Punjab.A total of 385 service providers were included (Barnala 12; Fatehgarh_Sahib 49; Jalandhar 37; Ludhiana 86; Moga 18; Nawanshar 20; Patiala 90; Sangrur 73).
CIMMYT Ethiopia
The intensive, irrigated rice-wheat systems of the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains (NW IGP) are associated with the widespread burning of excess rice residue that cannot be otherwise disposed-off within the limited turn-around time. The second-generation direct seeders (SGDS) for wheat sowing, such as Happy Seeder, facilitate sowing under heavy stubble conditions, and thereby avoid the need for residue burning. The objective of the study is to test the causal relationship between Happy Seeder diffusion and reduction in residue burning and, ultimately, reduction in air pollution in the NW IGP. We draw on data from remote sensing, a systematic review of literature, existing primary datasets, and new surveys among farm-households, service providers, and village elders. The estimated reduction in air pollution due to the technology diffusion will then be converted to savings in human health costs. As part of this study, we aim to study the village characteristics and do groundtruthing for remote sensing of plots where SGDS has adopted. The plot level datasets were constructed twice (for 2021 and 2022 Rabi seasons) for identifying tillage types and residue burning through remote sensing. These datasets were not from the same set of farmers, and the plot selection was not random.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
This survey was done in 122 villages of Punjab, as part of the SPIA-funded project on the impact of Conservation Agriculture (CA), particularly the impact of Happy Seeder technology, on yield and residue burning. During the exploratory surveys, we found that the adoption of CA depends on the soil structure. To identify the soil characteristics, our team of enumerators interviewed 2-3 knowledgeable people per sample village. The participants were asked to draw the map of village and mark the regions with clayey / loamy / sandy soils and with saline / sodic soils within the village boundaries using an A3-size graph sheet. From this graph sheet the percentage of cultivated area under different soil types and salinity / sodicity were calculated.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
This dataset was generated as part of a research project that aimed to identify relevant gender considerations associated with wheat varietal development and the modifications required in wheat seed value chains in order to ensure inclusive diffusion of varieties and faster varietal turnover. Understanding the role that women play in agricultural production decisions is now widely considered as a pre-requisite to attain food security and alleviate poverty. There have been studies conducted on gender-sensitive breeding on a number of crops, however there are no evidence with respect to wheat in India. The role of gender-sensitive seed and information networks, which could facilitate the spread of varietal technologies ensuring social inclusiveness, is also rarely examined. The lack of control of women over the benefits from participation in value chains and gender discrimination in access to complementary inputs such as credit could be the reasons for not carrying out such analysis. However, when technology interventions do not capture gender-specific preferences for traits of varieties and dissemination networks, intra-household disparities in workloads and incomes persist or even worsen over time. This could also result in a lower rate of adoption by farm households. The study was conducted in the wheat growing tracts of Madhya Pradesh, with the the following research outputs expected. 1. Gender-specific farmer preferences for (a) wheat varietal traits and (b) attributes of seed and information networks are elicited. 2. Solutions to meet heterogeneous demand through inclusive delivery of improved wheat varieties among men and women farmers are identified and the associated transaction costs are estimated. The empirical part of this study was conducted in three districts of Madhya Pradesh, India – Jabalpur, Mandla and Damoh – where one round of farm household survey and focus group discussions had been already completed one year ago. In 2018, a first-round of farm household survey was conducted among 400 households in Madhya Pradesh (Dataset Persistent ID: hdl:11529/10548897). We interviewed both male and female heads (i.e., a total of 800 interviews). Questions were asked on women’s role in decision making and their involvement in farm-household activities. In addition to farm household surveys, 60 sex-specific focus group discussions were conducted with male and female farmers. The results revealed that the varietal turnover rate in wheat is significantly low in this region, with most farmers cultivating age-old varieties such as Lok 1. The same farm households were interviewed in 2018, to form the current dataset. The aim was to better understand their preferences for wheat varietal traits (e.g., early maturing; suitability for chapatti making, drought tolerance etc.). Choice experiments and contingent valuation approaches will be used to elicit farmer preference for varietal attributes. The elicited preferences will be explained using data from the 2018 survey.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
The dataset is generated as part of an empirical study to develop a mixed research methodology, taking variables from both quantitative household surveys and qualitative case studies for quickly and effectively capturing rural women involvement and empowerment and their ramifications on technological change and farmer livelihoods. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in the second half of 2018 in Madhya Pradesh (India), where wheat is one of the main crops. The empirical part of this study is based on data collected from three districts of Madhya Pradesh, India – Jabalpur, Mandla and Damoh. Madhya Pradesh is one of the states with largest wheat growing area (19% of wheat area in India) but with lower wheat productivity (2.85 tons) compared to other major producers (4.29 tons in Punjab and 3.98 tons in Haryana in 2014-15 season). From each of the three districts, 5 villages were selected for data collection. We restricted our study to those villages where wheat is one of the main crops. Of the total 15 villages, three included the GENNOVATE case study communities (non-random selection). The other 12 will be selected based on the remoteness to the state road highways (6 close, 6 remote). From each village, two wards (sub-units of village) will be selected based on the income poverty (one where most of the poor households reside, and other with the non-poor). Two FGDs were conducted (one for men, one for women) in the selected wards.
CIMMYT Ethiopia
New and improved maize hybrids, developed by the CIMMYT Global Maize Program, are available for uptake by public and private sector partners, especially those interested in marketing or disseminating hybrid maize seed across Eastern Africa and similar agro-ecological zones. Following rigorous trialing and a stage-gate advancement process and culminating in the 2022 Eastern Africa Regional On-Farm Trials, CIMMYT has advanced a total of 6 new elite maize hybrids, each of which met the stringent performance criteria for CIMMYT’s eastern Africa early (EAPP1B), intermediate (EAPP1A) or late (EAPP2) maize breeding pipelines. Phenotypic data collected in Stage 4 and Stage 5 trials for the selected hybrids as well as information about the trial sites are provided in this dataset. These trials were conducted through a network of partners, including NARES and private seed companies, in Eastern Africa under various management and environmental conditions.